Yellow Wallpaper Janice Haney-Peritz - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1460 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/05/18 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: The Yellow Wallpaper Essay Did you like this example? Women were not seen in the past as they are seen now. They were seen as the weaker, less knowledgeable sex. They had to listen to their husbands and they had no say in anything. We are reminded of this when we read The Yellow Wallpaper. Charlotte Perkins Gilman was an activist for womens rights. With this being said, I believe Gilmans purpose for writing The Yellow Wallpaper was to show the readers women do have rights, this is a changing world, and women dont have to listen to everything their husband or significant other tells them to do. She does this by the narrator symbolically seeing herself trapped inside the wallpaper and her eventually pulling the wallpaper off the wall and being able to feel free to do whatever she wants. In Monumental feminism and literatures ancestral house: Another look at ?The Yellow Wallpaper Janice Haney-Peritz, Department of English (Beaver College), states, As a memorial, ?The Yellow Wallpaper is used to remind contemporary readers of the enduring import of the feminist struggle against patriarchical domination; while as a boundary marker, it is used to demarcate the territory appropriate to a feminist literary criticism (114). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Yellow Wallpaper Janice Haney-Peritz" essay for you Create order There are several scenes/instances throughout this story that show that John sees the narrator, his wife, as being less than he is. These instances are: when the narrator says that she is forbidden to work until she is well again, John treats the narrator like a child, John makes her lie down for an hour after each meal, the narrator states that she doesnt want to irritate her husband, and at the end of the story where she says, Ive got out at last in spite of you and Jane and Ive pulled off most of the paper, so you cant put me back (Gilman). First, the narrator says that she is forbidden to work until she is well again. She doesnt actually work, but she likes to write. I guess back in that time women always listened to their husband and didnt do anything that the husband didnt want them to do. It was easy to tell that the narrator was trying to rebel because she would write whenever she could as long as no one saw her. It seemed as if the more it went into the story the less she cared about what Jennie or John thought or wanted her not to do. Second, John treats his wife (the narrator) like a child. He does this in several ways. He decides that she will stay in a room that was once a nursery; although, it also sounds like it might have housed a crazy person (i.e. bars on the windows, the bed is nailed down, rings in the walls, the wallpaper is torn). However, this is also a form of dramatic irony because the story talks about all these features, but keeps saying it was at one time a nursery. During the story he calls her a couple names that sound as if he thinks of her as a child (i.e. blessed little goose, little girl). At one point, he says, Bless her little heart (Gilman). In addition, he constantly throughout the story tells her what she can and cannot do. Third, the story states that John makes the narrator lie down for an hour after every time she eats. Apparently, the story is showing that John has control over her or at least it seems to imply that he does. I was a little confused because I kept thinking how can someone make another person lie down. Unless, that person has a gun to the other persons head it doesnt seem very plausible that the person could make the other one lie down. Also, if John was out of the house all day and if the narrator ate without Jennie being around then how would anyone know if she slept or not for an hour after she ate? Fourth, in one scene the narrator says that she doesnt want to irritate her husband. This shocked me big time. I know back in the time when this story was written that women obeyed their husband and wanted to make their husband happy. I guess in this day and age people have become selfish because I dont believe I know a single woman who wouldnt do something just because they didnt want to irritate their husband. Finally, there is the scene at the end of The Yellow Wallpaper where the narrator finally rips the wallpaper off the wall showing that she is finally free from oppression. This scene alone is a major part in the story to show that Gilmans purpose for writing the story was to show that women have rights too. The narrator wants to have power over her husband for once so she locks the door, throws the key down on the front path, and then later makes him retrieve the key to be able to get in the room. Once John comes home, the narrator calls him young man and tells him that he cant get in without retrieving the key. She now has power over him. She has a rope that she might use to kill herself if her plan to get free doesnt work. Her husband faints when he gets inside because once he sees the wallpaper torn off the walls he realizes that his wife is not getting better and, in turn, is actually worse. John realizing that his wife is actually getting worse instead of better is an example of situational irony because what is happening is the opposite of what he intended or thought was happening. At the end of the story she says, Ive got out at last in spite of you and Jane and Ive pulled off most of the paper, so you cant put me back (Gilman). I think Jane is herself. All throughout the story she feels physically trapped because she cant do things for or by herself. Also, she feels symbolically trapped because she sees herself trapped behind the wallpaper, but I think once she pulled it off the walls that she felt liberated. Furthermore, she feels like she has gotten free because she has stood up to her husband and herself. She decides that she will no longer be oppressed, feel like she is weak, and feel like she cant do things just because she is a woman and seen as the weaker, less knowledgeable sex. I think (in this scene) Gilman was trying to show that we can accomplish anything if we put our mind to it and that we dont need anyone elses approval. Although, this isnt actually talked about in those scenes there are various other forms of irony and symbolism throughout the story that show the narrator is less than equal to John and that she just goes along with whatever he says and tells her to do. In the story, it says that her husband laughs at her; however this is something someone expects to happen when they are married. This is a form of verbal irony because no one expects or should expect that their husband would laugh at them. Why would anyone want to be married to someone that laughs at them? She is being sarcastic when she says this. Also, in another scene the narrator states that she is happy that her case isnt severe. This is a form of verbal irony because her case is the exact opposite of what she says. It is severe. However, at the end of the story where the John faints from seeing the wallpaper has been pulled off is a bit different. The tables have turned and now she is in power and John has fainted and is lying on the floor while she is creeping over him so this is situational irony. The wallpaper is a major symbol in this story. Gilman uses the wallpaper as a symbol to show how life used to trap women in their roles as a wife. At first, when I read the story I just thought that the narrator was crazy. I didnt like the story and wasnt sure what I was supposed to get from it. However, I smiled after reading it a second time. After all of this has been said, I hope it shows how and why Gilmans purpose for writing this short story was to show the readers women do have rights, this is a changing world, and women dont have to listen to everything their husband or significant other tells them to do. I am so glad that time has changed and that we no longer have to live in a society where women are not seen as equals.

Call Me Crazy A Five Film - 1517 Words

Years ago mental illness was perhaps the most misinterpreted and mistreated illness. It is a disorder that is characterized by disturbances in a person’s thoughts, emotions, or behavior. At one time it was a sickness that no one would dare talk about. The humiliation was so strong it was looked upon as a crime. Patients would be â€Å"put away† not to be treated but to protect them from the community. It was an illness to be ashamed of and was thought to be brought upon by patients themselves. Mental illness refers to a wide variety of disorders, ranging from bipolar disorder or depression, to post-traumatic stress disorder, and schizophrenia. Each one of these disorders can cause anywhere from mild distress to those that impair a person’s ability to function in normal day-to-day life. In the movie â€Å"Call Me Crazy: A Five Film†, it looks at how each individual copes with mental illness and succeeding in everyday situations. By comparing similarities i n the film with the differences about mental illness in ordinary life we can understand how the movie at times exaggerated mental disorders. First, schizophrenia is a severe, chronic and disabling brain disorder that has affected people for some time. The term schizophrenia itself means â€Å"fragmented mind†. Even though men tend to receive diagnosis more than women, in this film a women is seen portraying the individual with schizophrenia. It is usually first diagnosed in a person’s late teens or early twenties, as displayed in theShow MoreRelatedWho is Ethel Merman?725 Words   |  3 Pagesstarted in film and nightclubs. Her first musical was Crazy Girl which opened on October 14, 1930. Crazy Girl ran for 272 performances at the Alvin Theatre. Her next show was called Humpty Dumpty and was not a success. After major reworking, it reopened under the name Take a Chance. It ran for 243 performances at the Apollo Theatre. 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The film depicts some apprehensions of modern white and black intercultural gawkiness as a potential mask for something much more menacing, and the result is a thrilling, genuinely scary film. The movie also plays fair. Despite the ultimate reveal of what’s been going on, Get Out’s unexpectedRead MoreChristianity in Lars and The Real Girl2400 Words   |  10 Pageswitnessed in a film. At the end of the movie, Margo says to Lars, â€Å"There will never be one like her† in reference to Bianca. In reality, there will never be a movie like this one. What I enjoyed most about this film was i t was a Christian film but wasn’t a Christian film. What I mean by that is that it didn’t just throw Christianity in your face while watching it. Nothing about this film seemed fake. It never seemed as if the writer was trying to tell you one specific message of the film. 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Nuclear Fusion Essay Example For Students

Nuclear Fusion Essay For a fusion reaction to take place, the nuclei, which are positively charged,must have enough kinetic energy to overcome their electrostatic force ofrepulsion. This can occur either when one nucleus is accelerated to highenergies by an accelerating device, or when the energies of both nuclei areraised by the application of very high temperature. The latter method, referredto the application of thermonuclear fusion, is the source of a lot of reallycool energy. Enough energy is produced in thermonuclear fusion to suck the paintof 1 city block of houses and give all of the residents permanent orange Afros. The sun is a example of thermonuclear fusion in nature. If I was a atom, I couldonly wish to be in a thermonuclear reaction. Thermonuclear reactions occur whena proton is accelerated and collides with another proton and then the twoprotons fuse, forming a deuterium nucleus which has a proton, neutrino and lotsof energy. I have no idea what a deuterium nucleus is, but is must be 10 timescooler than just a regular nucleus. Such a reaction is not self sustainingbecause the released energy is not readily imparted to other nuclei. thermonuclear fusion of deuterium and tritium will produce a helium nucleus andan energetic neutron that can help sustain further fusion. This is the basicprincipal of the hydrogen bomb which employs a brief, controlled thermonuclearfusion reaction. This was also how the car in the Back to the Future movieworked. It had a much more sophisticated system of producing a fusion reactionfrom things like, old coffee grounds, bananas, and old beer cans. Thermonuclearreactions depend on high energies, and the possibility of a low-temperaturenuclear fusion has generally been discounted. Little does the scientificcommunity know about my experiments. I have produced cold fusion in my basementwith things like: stale bread, milk, peanut butter and flat Pepsi. I have beenable to produce a ten-megaton reaction which as little as a saltine cracker andsome grass clippings. But enough about my discoveries. Early in 1989 twoelectrochemists startled the scientific world by claiming to achieve a room-tem perature fusion in a simple laboratory. They had little proof to back uptheir discovery, and were not credited with their so-called accomplishment. Thetwo scientists were Stanley Pons of the university of Utah and MartinFleischmann of the University of Southampton in England. They described theirexperiment as involving platinum electrodes an electrochemical cell in whichpalladium and platinum were immersed in heavy water. These two losers said thatthe cell produced more heat than could be accounted for. Yeah right!! The weekbefore I was talking to both men on the phone and I told them about all of thecool things you could do with platinum. I said Now Martin, what you need to dois get your hands on some platinum and some heavy Mexican drinking water. Theamount of chemicals in the Mexican drinking water is sure to cause a violentreaction with the platinum electrodes and produce lots of energy. I have beendoing this sort of things in my basement for years. When I told him thatthough th at NASA could power their shuttles with this sort of a reaction, henearly wet his pants. Now as usual, I received no credit for MY discovery, butthat is ok..I have grown used to it. I taught Einstein, Newton, and Ron Popeel(inventor of things like the pasto-matic, hair-in-a-can, and the pocketfisherman) everything they know. Besides, the two shmucks didnt even follow myinstructions for the experiment. However, until I reveal my secrets about coldfusion, it will remain only a proposed theory. nuclear fusion is also whatpowers the rest of the stars in the solar system. Stars carry out fusion in athermonuclear manner. Thermonuclear is a really cool word which I am going touse several more times just because it is so cool. In a thermonuclear reactionmatter is forced to exist in only in a plasma state, consisting of electrons,positive ions and very few neutral atoms. Fusion reactions that occur within aplasma serve to heat it further, because the portion of the reaction product istransfe rred to the bulk of the plasma through collisions. In the deuterium-tritium reaction the positively charged helium nucleus carries 3.5 MeV. Theneutron escaped the plasma with little interaction and , in a reaction, coulddeposit its 14.1 MeV in a surrounding lithium blanket. I have know idea whatthat last sentence meat, but I am going to memorize it, because I will soundsuper smart if I tell someone about the neutrons activity in a plasmathermonuclear reaction. The neutrons activity would breed tritium and also heatas a exchange medium which could be used to produce steam to turn generatorturbines. However, the plasma also loses thermal energy though a variety ofprocesses: conduction, convection, and bremsstrachlng which is electromagneticradiation about 1000 times stronger than the microwave in your kitchen. Montessori Creative Imagination EssayAlternatively, radio frequency waves are launched into the plasma at frequenciesthat resonate with various periodic particle motions. The waves give energy tothese resonant particles, which then transfer it to the rest of the plasmathrough collisions. In some of my most recent expirations I have been able touse radio frequency waves to push electrons around the tokmak to maintain theplasma current. Such noninductive current drive allows the tokamak pulse tooutlast the time limitly imposed by the fact that , in a transformer-driventokmak reaction thingy, the plasma current lasts only as long as the current inthe secondary coils reach their current limits, confinement is lost, and theplasma terminates until the transformer can be reset. Although the plasma in asinductively driven tokamak is pulsed, the electricity produced would not ve,because the thermal inertia of the neutron-capturing blanket would sustainstream generation between pulses. By al lowing longer pulse or steady-stateplasma operation, however, radio frequency current drive could lessen thethermal stresses in the fusion reaction. However, so far cooking with plasmahas not been to practical for me.Another approach to fusion pusued sinceabout 1974, is termed inertial confinement. During my many patrols during theViet..-NAM war, I further developed my theorys and opinions regarding inertialconfinement fusion. When I arrived home with a severely hyper-extended earlobe,I was in great pain and suffering, but I still managed to explain my findings tothe scientific community. essentially, my theory of inertial confinement fusionworks similar to how the atomic bomb works. A small pellet of frozen deuteriumand tritium are compressed to a very high temperature and densities in a processanalogous to what is accomplished by bombarding the pellet from all sides,simultaneously with a really intense laser. I nearly put my eye out with thething. It is certainty not a toy. Anyway , back to fusion. After you have nukedthe pellet thing with the super laser thingy, the pellet vaporizes and, bymechanical reaction, imparts inwardly directed momentum to their remainingpellet core. The inertia of the inwardly driven pellet material must besufficient to localize the power of -9 seconds required to get significantenergy release. In 1988, after my defeat in the presidential election, I helpedthe government preform underground tests in the Nevada desert. I had showed thegovernment how to do this type of experiment in 1986, but it took them two yearsbefore they could get it right. I think that their chief nuclear engineers namewas Forrest or something..Man what a idiot. He just could not get it right. Once again, people took credit for my discovery. The miniminum confinementcondition necessary to achieve energy gain in a deuterium-tritium plasma is thatof the product of the density in ions per cubic cm and energy containment timein seconds must exceed 610 -13th power. This was attained for the first timein a hydrogen plasma at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1983. Thetemperature required to ignite a fusion reactor is in the range of 100-250million k, several times the temperature of the center of the sun. What? Howcan you have a reaction several times the suns central temperature in a enclosedplasma environment? Is this some kind of wacky scientist joke or something?Anyway, the science geeks at M.I.T supposedly did produce this kind of fusion. The goal on fusion is in effect, to produce and hold a small star. It is adaunting and tedious research which is considered to be of the most advanced inthe world. Creating a small dwarf star in a man-made environment has thought tobe the highest scientific challenge. Even though last weekend my little brotherand I did create several dwarf stars, we were forced to put them out because theneighbors kept complaining about the light. The cop was a real jerk. I triedexplaining to him what I was doing, but he kept asking me to do stupid thingslike: stand on 1 leg and recite the alphabet backwards, and touch my nose withmy finger. Apparently the cop though that I was getting smart with him when Istarted to explain to him about the beauty of fission energy. Oh well, at leasthe didnt arrest me..again Category: Science

The Knowledge of Human Existence Perception, Empiricism, and Reality An Analysis Contrived Through The Matrix and The Prestige free essay sample

Movies provide the audience with a unique experience. Not only do they entertain, they allow the audience to explore their own preconceptions. The most vital preconception that movies allow the viewer to explore and interact with is the definition and formation of knowledge. For centuries man has grasped for the true definition of knowledge. In this struggle many have fought for a unifying definition, this great conflagration of discourse and study did not lead to a unified definition of knowledge. Moreover, it leads to the question that still beats in the hearts of the philosopher and the movie-goer. What can human beings know about the experience of existence? How do we define it? Man’s struggle with the definition of knowledge and how we define existence is a driving force behind the questions asked by philosophers throughout history. From Plato to Descartes, from Aristotle to Kant, the understanding of existence became nearly an obsession of the great philosophical minds. We will write a custom essay sample on The Knowledge of Human Existence: Perception, Empiricism, and Reality An Analysis Contrived Through The Matrix and The Prestige or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is this â€Å"obsession† that drives Hugh Jackman’s character, Robert Angier in Christopher Nolan’s The Prestige. In this â€Å"obsession† Angier finds his match with Keanu Reeves’ character, Neo in Andy and Larry Wachowski’s The Matrix, whose transformation from computer hacker to an almost God like position of knowledge, stems from his obsession with defining his existence. While it is the character Neo who is lead or rises to a position where it is possible to fathom the nature of existence, it is the audience whom Christopher Nolan guides to this level in The Prestige. Before an understanding of existence can be examined, it is important to define the role of the audience in Nolan’s The Prestige. While Nolan’s characters are subject to an â€Å"obsession† directed towards the knowledge of each other’s methods, the true character receiving knowledge is the viewer. Cristel Russell in a piece titled, â€Å"Rethinking Television Audience Measures: An Exploration into the Construct of Audience Connectedness,† written for Marketing Letters in 1999 discusses the degrees of connection a television audience has. While Russell’s piece  is intentioned for an understanding of the relationship between a television audience and the images on screen in the sense of how to market to the audience, the similarity of the mediums allow for this to be an example for the filmic experience as well. Russell’s study asserts the strength of the connection the audience has, â€Å"viewers often reported that they imitate some of the intangible aspects of their television show, from the lifestyle of the actors to the philosophy portrayed by the character,† (Russell, 1999, p.401). Russell chooses the word â€Å"their† to suggest a possessive, included, position that the viewer takes with the images portrayed on the screen. It this suggestion of inclusiveness that suggests that the viewer becomes part of â€Å"their,† show. No longer is the viewer simply an audience member; they are a part of the cast chosen by the director and as such they become a necessary medium for explication of â€Å"philosophy† as is suggested by Russell. Nolan’s audience is not simply viewing, they are interacting with the film, and as such they are guided by Nolan to a realization, just as Robert Angier is. While, Angier’s â€Å"obsession† for knowledge is limited by his insatiable desire for revenge, he ascends on a philosophical scale. While this may seem reminiscent of the story of Plato’s cave, where a man trapped is freed by realization that his existence is limited to projections on the wall of his cave, Plato’s example does not serve Angier. It isn’t until his death at the hands of his old enemy that Angier is able to transcend to the realm of knowledge necessary to understand existence. It is in this moment that he realizes that all the tangible evidence of how his rival’s tricks were performed, were not the true illusion. The truth that Angier in his final moments is lead to believe, is that sacrifice is a necessity for perception to become actual existence. In his dying moments Angiers defines his own understanding of his purpose, while the film-maker paints it in a romantic sense, it provides the viewer with the true understanding of individual existence. It is just that. Individual. While shaped by the collective experience, the only thing a human being can say for certain is t hat their existence is their own, folding too completely into an empirical collective experience is as unfulfilling as life without death. Hence, Angier must die by the end of the film. (Nolan, 2006). Knowledge cannot be limited solely to a scientific explanation of why things are and why things aren’t. John Cottingham’s piece, â€Å"The Question,† from The Meaning of Life provides the  seeker of knowledge with an explanation for the limitedness of scientific inquiry. In the piece Cottingham highlights â€Å"religious discourse† throughout time as necessary force for further investigation into the why that creates the human need for knowledge of existence. While â€Å"religious discourse† may not provide an exact answer to what existence is, this is inconsequential as according to Cottingham, â€Å"But its advocates would urge that it none the less assuages the nausea, the ‘nausea’ as Jean-Paul Sartre called it, that we feel in confronting the blank mystery of existence,† (Cottingham, 2003, p.9). Here Cottingham’s inclusion of â€Å"religious discourseâ₠¬  as essential in understanding the â€Å"blank mystery of existence,† seems to undermine a definition of existence based entirely on science. â€Å"Science† as discussed in Cottingham’s discourse should be understood as empirical knowledge. Based upon Cottingham, this empirical knowledge, the tangible is limited in its ability to assist human beings in their understandings of existence. It is into this gladiatorial arena where Rene Descartes jumps as a opponent of a solely empirical understanding of existence. Rene Descartes provides a rational approach to the problem of understanding existence. Descartes rationalism is based upon his definition of the â€Å"material† of existence. Rather than being bogged down in the definition of â€Å"material,† Descartes comes to the conclusion that, â€Å"Consciousness is the essential property of mind substance,† (Collinson, 2006, p.81). Descartes’ definition of the â€Å"essential property† as espoused in Diane Collinson’s Fifty Major Philosophers opens the door for how human existence is defined. The â€Å"essential property† of existence is not based on tangible experience. Collinson highlights Descartes suggestion that the mind experiences the empirical sense of the body, but not because of direct physical experience, rather that, â€Å"ideas of primary qualities are not derived from sense experience but are innate,† (Collinson, 2006, p 83.). This idea of â€Å"primary qualities† can be applied to the question of existence as experienced by Neo in The Matrix. Neo’s character ascends from a plateau of empirical existence in the beginning of the film. He does not know that he is actually being deceived, that his definition of existence is a computer created dream state. This dream state although realized to be a manifestation of a computer program, is seen by Neo in his earliest iteration as real. He does not know he lives within a deception, because the computer-generated Matrix  maintains all the â€Å"essential qualities† of existence in Neo’s mind. It is not until he meets Morpheus that what he considers existence is a faà §ade.

Cloud Computing White Paper Essays

Cloud Computing White Paper Essays Cloud Computing White Paper Essay Cloud Computing White Paper Essay Cloud computing is a â€Å"newsworthy† term in the IT industry in recent times and it is here to stay! Cloud computing is not a technology, or even a set of technologies – it’s an idea. Cloud computing is not a standard defined by any standards organization. Basic understanding for Cloud: â€Å"Cloud† represents the Internet; Instead of using applications installed on your computer or saving data to your hard drive, you’re working and storing stuff on the Web.Data is kept on servers and used by the service you’re using; tasks are performed in your browser using an interface/ console provided by the service. A credit card and internet access is all you need to make an investment in technology. Business will find it easier than ever to provision technology services without the involvement of IT. There are many definitions available in the market for Cloud Computing but we have aligned it with NIST publication and with our understanding.NIST def ines cloud computing by describing five essential characteristics, three cloud service models, and fur cloud deployment models. Cloud Computing is a self service which is on demand, Elastic, Measured, Multi-tenant, Pay per use, Cost-effective and efficient. It is the access of data, software applications, and ad computer processing power through a cloud or a group of many on line/demand resources. Tasks are assigned to a combination of connections, software and services accessed over a network. This network of servers and connections is collectively known as â€Å"the cloud. Cloud service delivery is divided among three fundamental classifications referred as the â€Å"SPI Model. † Cloud computing  is the delivery of computing and storage capacity  Ã‚  as a service  to a community of end-recipients. The name comes from the use of a cloud-shaped symbol  as an abstraction for the complex infrastructure it contains in system diagrams. Cloud computing entrusts services w ith a users data, software and computation over a network. There are three types of cloud computing: * Infrastructure as a Service  (IaaS), * Platform as a Service  (PaaS), and Software asd a Service  (SaaS). The business model,  IT as a service  (ITaaS), is used by in-house, enterprise IT organizations that offer any or all of the above services. Using software as a service, users also rent application software and databases. The  cloud providers  manage the infrastructure and platforms on which the applications run. End users access cloud-based  applications  through a  web browser  or a light-weight desktop or  mobile app  while the business software  and users data are stored on servers at a remote location.Proponents claim that cloud computing allows enterprises to get their applications up and running faster, with improved manageability and less maintenance, and enables IT to more rapidly adjust resources to meet fluctuating and unpredictable busine ss demand. Cloud computing relies on sharing of resources to achieve coherence and  economies of scale  similar to a  utility  (like the  electricity grid) over a network. At the foundation of cloud computing is the broader concept of  converged infrastructure and  shared services.The origin of the term  cloud computing  is obscure, but it appears to derive from the practice of using drawings of stylized clouds to denote networks in diagrams of computing and communications systems. The word  cloud  is used as a metaphor for the Internet, based on the standardized use of a cloud-like shape to denote a network on telephony schematics and later to depict the Internet in  computer network diagrams  as an abstraction of the underlying infrastructure it represents. The cloud symbol was used to represent the Internet as early as 1994.In the 1990s,  telecommunications companies  who previously offered primarily dedicated point-to-point data circuits, began offe ring  virtual private network  (VPN) services with comparable quality of service but at a much lower cost. By switching traffic to balance utilization as they saw fit, they were able to utilize their overall network bandwidth more effectively. The cloud symbol was used to denote the demarcation point between that which was the responsibility of the provider and that which was the responsibility of the users. Cloud computing extends this boundary to cover servers as well as the network infrastructure.The underlying concept of cloud computing  dates  back to the 1950s; when large-scale  mainframe  became available in  academia  and corporations, accessible via  thin clients  /  terminal  computers. Because it was costly to buy a mainframe, it became important to find ways to get the greatest return on the investment in them, allowing multiple users to share both the physical access to the computer from multiple terminals as well as to share the  CPU  time, eliminating periods of inactivity, which became known in the industry as  time-sharing.As computers became more prevalent, scientists and technologists explored ways to make large-scale computing power available to more users through time sharing, experimenting with algorithms to provide the optimal use of the infrastructure, platform and applications with prioritized access to the CPU and efficiency for the end users. John McCarthy  opined in the 1960s that computation may someday be organized as a  public utility. Almost all the modern-day characteristics of cloud computing (elastic provision, provided as a utility, online, illusion of infinite supply), the comparison to the electricity industry and the use of public, private, government, and community forms, were thoroughly explored in  Douglas Parkhill’s 1966 book,  The Challenge of the Computer Utility. Other scholars have shown that cloud computings roots go all the way back to the 1950s when scientist  Herb Grosch  (the author of Groschs law) postulated that the entire world would operate on dumb terminals powered by about 15 large data centers.Due to the expense of these powerful computers, many corporations and other entities could avail themselves of computing capability through time sharing and several organizations, such as GEs GEISCO, IBM subsidiary The Service Bureau Corporation, Tymshare (founded in 1966), National CSS (founded in 1967 and bought by Dun ;amp; Bradstreet in 1979), Dial Data (bought by Tymshare in 1968), and  Bolt, Beranek and Newman  marketed time sharing as a commercial venture.The ubiquitous availability of high capacity networks, low cost computers and storage devices as well as the widespread adoption of  hardware virtualization,  service-oriented architecture, autonomic, and utility computing have led to a tremendous growth in cloud computing. After the  dot-com bubble,  Amazon  played a key role in the development of cloud computing by mod ernizing their  data centers, which, like most  computer networks, were using as little as 10% of their capacity at any one time, ust to leave room for occasional spikes. Having found that the new cloud architecture resulted in significant internal efficiency improvements whereby small, fast-moving two-pizza teams could add new features faster and more easily, Amazon initiated a new product development effort to provide cloud computing to external customers, and launched Amazon Web Service (AWS)  on a utility computing basis in 2006. [14][15] In early 2008,  Eucalyptus  became the first open-source, AWS API-compatible platform for deploying private clouds.In early 2008,  OpenNebula, enhanced in the RESERVOIR European Commission-funded project, became the first open-source software for deploying private and hybrid clouds, and for the federation of clouds. In the same year, efforts were focused on providing quality of service  guarantees (as required by real-time interac tive applications) to cloud-based infrastructures, in the framework of the IRMOS European Commission-funded project, resulting to a real-time cloud environment.By mid-2008, Gartner saw an opportunity for cloud computing to shape the relationship among consumers of IT services, those who use IT services and those who sell them  and observed that organizations are switching from company-owned hardware and software assets to per-use service-based models so that the projected shift to computing will result in dramatic growth in IT products in some areas and significant reductions in other areas. On March 1, 2011, IBM announced the  Smarter Computing  framework to support Smarter Planet.Among the various components of the Smarter Computing foundation, cloud computing is a critical piece. In 2012, Dr. Biju John and Dr. Souheil Khaddaj describe the cloud as a  virtualized,  semantic source of information: Cloud computing is a universal collection of data which extends over the i nternet in the form of resources (such as information hardware, various platforms, services etc. ) and forms individual units within the virtualization environment. Held together by infrastructure providers, service providers and the consumer, then it is semantically accessed by various users.Cloud computing shares characteristics with: * Autonomic computing  - Computer systems capable of  self-management. * Client–server model  -   Client–server computing  refers broadly to any  distributed application that distinguishes between service providers (servers) and service requesters (clients). * Grid computing  - A form of  distributed  and  parallel computing, whereby a super and virtual computer is composed of a  cluster  of networked,  loosely coupled  computers acting in concert to perform very large tasks. * Mainframe computer  - Powerful computers used mainly by large organizations for critical applications, typically bulk data proce ssing such as  census, industry and consumer statistics, police and secret intelligence services,  enterprise resource planning, and financial  transaction processing. * Utility computing  - The packaging of  computing resources, such as computation and storage, as a metered service similar to a traditional public utility, such as electricity. * Peer-to-peer  - Distributed architecture without the need for central coordination, with participants being at the same time both suppliers and consumers of resources (in contrast to the traditional client–server model). * Cloud gaming   Also called On-demand gaming is a way of delivering to games to computers. The gaming data will be stored in the providers server, so that gaming will be independent of client computers used to play the game. The attributes of Cloud Networking are: Scalable:  Cloud Networks scale to thousands of nodes and provide a non-blocking fabric across the entire cloud. * Low Latency: Latency i s key to improving application performance. The network needs to provide ultra-low latency in a large-scale environment. * Guaranteed Delivery: The cloud must provide predictable and reliable performance to a large number services, including HPC applications, web, video and data. * Extensible Management: Cloud Networks cross all traditional boundaries between servers, enterprise networks, and service provider networks.They need to be managed in a  hybrid  environment, often with customizations that are unique to that individual deployment. The management of the network needs to be extensible and customizable to allow such applications. * Self-Healing Resiliency: With larger scale, networks become much more critical and faults need to be contained and healed automatically. Arista Networks offers a unique Cloud Networking Platform that meet the above requirements. Please see our Products amp; Services sections for more information.In early 2008,  Eucalyptus  became the first o pen-source, AWS API-compatible platform for deploying private clouds. In early 2008,  Open Nebula, enhanced in the RESERVOIR European Commission-funded project, became the first open-source software for deploying private and hybrid clouds, and for the federation of clouds. [19]  In the same year, efforts were focused on providing quality of service  guarantees (as required by real-time interactive applications) to cloud-based infrastructures, in the framework of the IRMOS European Commission-funded project, resulting to a real-time cloud environment.By mid-2008, Gartner saw an opportunity for cloud computing to shape the relationship among consumers of IT services, those who use IT services and those who sell them  and observed that organizations are switching from company-owned hardware and software assets to per-use service-based models so that the projected shift to computing will result in dramatic growth in IT products in some areas and significant reductions in other a reas. On March 1, 2011, IBM announced the  Smarter Computing framework to support Smarter Planet.Among the various components of the Smarter Computing foundation, cloud computing is a critical piece. In 2012, Dr. Biju John and Dr. Souheil Khaddaj incorporated the semantic term into the cloud Cloud computing is a universal collection of data which extends over the internet in the form of resources (such as information hardware, various platforms, services etc. ) and forms individual units within the virtualization environment. Held together by infrastructure providers, service providers and the consumer, then it is semantically accessed by various users. (CLUSE 2012), Bangalore, April 2012 Cloud computing is all the rage. Its become the phrase du jour, says Gartner senior analyst Ben Pring, echoing many of his peers. The problem is that (as with Web 2. 0) everyone seems to have a different definition. As a metaphor for the Internet, the cloud is a familiar cliche, but when combin ed with computing, the meaning gets bigger and fuzzier. Some analysts and vendors define cloud computing narrowly as an updated version of utility computing: basically  virtual servers  available over the Internet. Others go very broad, arguing anything you consume outside the firewall is in the cloud, including conventional  outsourcing.Cloud computing comes into focus only when you think about what IT always needs: a way to increase capacity or add capabilities on the fly without investing in new infrastructure,  training  new personnel, or licensing new software. Cloud computing encompasses any subscription-based or pay-per-use service that, in real time over the Internet, extends ITs existing capabilities. Cloud computing is at an early stage, with a motley crew of providers large and small delivering a slew of cloud-based services, from full-blown applications to storage services to spam filtering.Yes, utility-style infrastructure providers are part of the mix, but so are  SaaS (software as a service)  providers such as Salesforce. com. Today, for the most part, IT must plug into cloud-based services individually, but cloud computing aggregators and integrators are already emerging. InfoWorld talked to dozens of vendors, analysts, and IT customers to tease out the various components of cloud computing. Based on those discussions, heres a rough breakdown of what cloud computing is all about: 1. SaaSThis type of cloud computing delivers a single application through the browser to thousands of customers using a multitenant architecture. On the customer side, it means no upfront investment in servers or software licensing; on the provider side, with just one app to maintain, costs are low compared to conventional hosting. Salesforce. com is by far the best-known example among enterprise applications, but SaaS is also common for HR apps and has even worked its way up the food chain to  ERP, with players such as Workday. And who could have predi cted the sudden rise of SaaS  desktop applications, such as Google Apps and Zoho Office? . Utility computing The idea is not new, but this form of cloud computing is getting new life from Amazon. com, Sun, IBM, and others who now offer storage and virtual servers that IT can access on demand. Early enterprise adopters mainly use utility computing for supplemental, non-mission-critical needs, but one day, they may replace parts of the datacenter. Other providers offer solutions that help IT create virtual datacenters from commodity servers, such as 3Teras AppLogic and Cohesive Flexible Technologies Elastic Server on Demand.Liquid Computings LiquidQ offers similar capabilities, enabling IT to stitch together memory, I/O, storage, and computational capacity as a virtualized  resource pool available over the network. 3. Web services in the cloud Closely related to SaaS, Web service providers offer APIs that enable developers to exploit functionality over the Internet, rather than de livering full-blown applications. They range from providers offering discrete business services such as Strike Iron and Xignite to the full range of APIs offered by Google Maps, ADP payroll processing, the U.S. Postal Service, Bloomberg, and even conventional credit  card processing  services. 4. Platform as a service Another SaaS variation, this form of cloud computing delivers development environments as a service. You build your own applications that run on the providers infrastructure and are delivered to your users via the Internet from the providers servers. Like Legos, these services are constrained by the vendors design and capabilities, so you dont get complete freedom, but you do get predictability and pre-integration.Prime examples include Salesforce. coms  Force. com,Coghead  and the new  Google App Engine. For extremely lightweight development, cloud-basedmashup platforms  abound, such as  Yahoo Pipes  or Dapper. net. 5. MSP (managed service providers) One of the oldest forms of cloud computing, a managed service is basically an application exposed to IT rather than to end-users, such as a virus scanning service for e-mail or an application monitoring service (which Mercury, among others, provides).Managed security services delivered by SecureWorks, IBM, and Verizon fall into this category, as do such cloud-based anti-spam services as Postini, recently acquired by Google. Other offerings include desktop management services, such as those offered by CenterBeam or Everdream. 6. Service commerce platforms A  hybrid  of SaaS and MSP, this cloud computing service offers a service hub that users interact with. Theyre most common in trading environments, such as expense management systems that allow users to order travel or secretarial services from a common platform that then coordinates the ervice delivery and pricing within the specifications set by the user. Think of it as an automated service bureau. Well-known examples include Rearden Commerce and Ariba. 7. Internet integration The integration of cloud-based services is in its early days. OpSource, which mainly concerns itself with serving SaaS providers, recently introduced the OpSource Services Bus, which employs in-the-cloud integration technology from a little startup called Boomi.SaaS provider Workday recently acquired another player in this space, CapeClear, an ESB (enterprise service bus) provider that was edging toward b-to-b integration. Way ahead of its time, Grand Central which wanted to be a universal bus in the cloud to connect SaaS providers and provide integrated solutions to customers flamed out in 2005. Today, with such cloud-based interconnection seldom in evidence, cloud computing might be more accurately described as sky computing, with many isolated clouds of services which IT customers must plug into individually.On the other hand, as virtualization and SOA permeate the enterprise, the idea of loosely coupled services running on a n agile, scalable infrastructure should eventually make every enterprise a node in the cloud. Its a long-running trend with a far-out horizon. But among big metatrends, cloud computing is the hardest one to argue with in the long term. aristanetworks. com/en/solutions http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Cloud_computing infoworld. com/d/cloud-computing/what-cloud-computing-really-means-031? page=0,1

The Glass Manegerie Essays - English-language Films, Free Essays

The Glass Manegerie Essays - English-language Films, Free Essays The Glass Manegerie The Glass Managerie In The Glass Managerie,by Tennesee Williams, symbols are used to describe the characters in the play. Laura, a very frail and insecure character from the play, lives in a world of illusions. Crippled with one leg shorter than the other from a childhood illness, she lives her life through her collection of glass animals. They provide Lauras refuge from reality. One particular glass animal the fragile and rare unicorn symbolizes the characters sufferings. The brilliant use of the imagery of the glass unicorn helps express the emotional anguish of Laura. Only when the unicorn loses its horn, and become like the other glass horses does Laura too break free from her fantasy world and snap into reality and realize that she is not a freak as she thought she was. The obsession that Laura has for her glass ornaments is first eminent in scene two where she is seated in her delicate ivory chair, washing and polishing her collection. It is also in this scene where it is obvious that her mother has criticized her many times for her unusual fascination of the glass animals because at the sound her mother approaching, she nervously shoves away them away. And before entering the room, the mother, Amanda, peeks through the door to see what Laura is doing and purses her lips, opens her eyes very wide, rolls them upward and shakes her head (11). Amanda scorns Laura for deceiving her by pretending to go to business school even though she dropped out. Her reason was that it frightened her so bad it made her sick in the stomach (35). Because Laura does not have the courage to live a normal sociable life, the glass animals in this scene represent her hopes and dreams of another life. This fantasy life that Laura longs for is probably why she thought she cou ld get away with deceiving her mother about going to business school. In scene three, the glass ornaments represent Lauras shattered emotion. Amanda and her son Tom gets into a quarrel. Tom accidentally breaks some of Lauras treasured glass collection as he rushes out the door. Laura screams My glass!menagerie(24), covering her face and turning away. The shattered glass represents Lauras shattered feeling as her family is in turmoil. She turns away from broken glass because she wants to turn away from reality. It is obvious that Laura feels at fault for the tension in the house because in scene four, she persuades Tom to apologize to Amanda and make peace. It is in this scene where Amanda tells Tom that Laura cannot spend the rest of her life playing the Victrola and fooling with the pieces of glass . The reference to the glass in this scene used by Amanda suggests Lauras wasting life. On page 16, Amandas fear is exposed when she ridicules Laura of how she will stay home and amuse herself with the glass menagerie and eternally play the worn-out phonogr aph records for the rest of her life. In scene five, Tom and his mother discuss about the gentleman caller that Tom has invited over for dinner to meet Laura. Amanda goes on about what trait the man should have and not have and Tom tries to snap Amanda into reality by telling her that she should not expect too much of her crippled daughter who lives in a world of glass ornaments. Because they love her so much , they do not realize what other people visualize Laura asa very different girl. In this scene Toms reference to the glass refers to Lauras different and fragile character. She is very fragile because she gets sick at the slightest uncomfortable situation, such as being in public or when she is asked to eat dinner with the gentleman caller. In scene six, page 57, when Amanda desperately asks Laura to open the door for the gentleman caller, Laura is very hesitant and tells her mom shes sick. Amanda goes on saying shes sick too of her nonsense and asks why she cant be a normal person. Laura ends up very sick and ends up lying down on the sofa during the dinner. Amanda tries to cover

To what extent is fate part of the protagonist in Woman at point Zero Essay

To what extent is fate part of the protagonist in Woman at point Zero by Nawal El Saadawi and Chronicle of a death foretold by Gabriel Garcia Marquez dictat - Essay Example In Chronicle of a Death Foretold, the moral value in question is honour, whereas in Woman at Point Zero it is attainment of power. These values determine the characters actions and thereby shape their fates: â€Å"The work of Gabriel Garcia Marquezs Chronicle of a Death Foretold reads much like a Greek tragedy in that events proceed in an unforgiving inevitability† (website). In Woman at Point Zero, the protagonist Firdaus is manipulated and dishonoured by a number of people in her life. She has no power over the events that happen to her. She gradually learns the value of power and money which enables one to gain control over others and that becomes the utmost aim in her life. "All my life I have been searching for something that would fill me with pride, make me feel superior to everyone else, including kings, princes and rulers." Her life as a prostitute provides her a source of power she wields over men. She finds that men throughout her life mistreat her and use her until eventually she kills one of them. Firdaus is manipulated by all the elders in her life. All the major decisions in her life are taken on her behalf by her elders or the men. Firdaus life becomes a resistance against her male dominated society. She never takes delight in relationships with men. She needs to be treated as equal which in no way occurs within the respectable life of an office assistant. As a prostitute Firdaus has no need to show respect toward even the most powerful of men and thus gains her own dignity and free will. In Firdaus world, men wish to subjugate women, stripping them of all of their power. In this society, a respectable woman is one that submits to a man’s will and depends upon him for protection. By rejecting these values, Firdaus claims a sense of power and freedom over those that wish to imprison her mentally. The motif of captivity is central to